Muscular System

The muscular system is closely related to the nervous system. It is a fact that animals can consciously control the contraction of the certain muscles. These muscle are classified as voluntary muscles. While the other types of muscles that move independently of conscious are known as involuntary  muscles. Skeletal muscle is striated and voluntary. Cardiac muscle in striated and involuntary and smooth muscle is non-striated and involuntary.

 

 

 

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE 

Creatinine Kinase ( CK) is the very importance enzyme found within muscle. Creatine kinase (CK), also known as creatine phosphokinase (CPK) or phospho-creatine kinase (and sometimes incorrectly as creatinine kinase), is an enzyme (EC 2.7.3.2) expressed by various tissues and cell types. CK catalyses the conversion of creatine and consumes adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to create phosphocreatine (PCr) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). This CK enzyme reaction is reversible, such that also ATP can be generated from PCr and ADP. ^{( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creatine_kinase)}.

The CK level can rise slightly from minor muscular injuries because of the release of the CK from the cells. Damage can be minor due to the such events as receiving an intramuscular injection injection, persistent recumbency, bruising, a laceration or hypothermia. As a result, there is considerable muscle  damage.Thus, CK level will elevate dramatically.

^{1. Rhabdomyolysis In Horse}

Rhabdomyo- refers to skeletal muscle and lysis means to rupture. In this condition, muscle damage occurs because of the breakdown of the skeletal muscle cells. These conditions usually occur in heavily muscled horses that are working or training and have been rested for one or more days, but keep on full feed during that period. When returned to exercise, these horses may develop myopathy. The result pathology is myonecrosis and severity of the disease is directly related to the extent of the necrosis. When a sufficient amount of muscle breakdown, it liberates myoglobin and CK and among other chemicals into bloodstream. When a sufficient amount of myoglobin has been released, urine will appear coffee-colored because of its presence.






Further Reading
1.http://www.ker.com/library/advances/161.pdf
2. http://www.cvm.umn.edu/umec/lab/RER_new/home.html